Understanding Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
What is Ulcerative Colitis?
Ulcerative Colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affecting the lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It is characterized by periods of active inflammation and periods of remission.
Symptoms
- Abdominal pain and cramping
- Diarrhea, often with blood or pus
- Urgent need to defecate
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Fever
Causes
The exact cause of Ulcerative Colitis is not fully understood. However, it is believed to involve an immune system malfunction, genetics, and environmental factors. People with a family history of IBD are at higher risk for developing the condition.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis involves a combination of medical history, physical examinations, and diagnostic tests, which may include:
- Colonoscopy: A procedure that allows doctors to view the colon lining.
- Stool tests: To rule out infections or other conditions.
- Blood tests: To check for anemia or signs of inflammation.
- Biopsy: Samples taken during colonoscopy may be examined for inflammation or cancerous changes.
Treatment Options
Treatment for Ulcerative Colitis aims to reduce inflammation and control symptoms. Options may include:
- Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and biologics are commonly prescribed.
- Dietary changes: Patients may benefit from a high-protein, low-fiber diet, tailored to their symptoms.
- Surgery: In severe cases, a colectomy (removal of the colon) may be necessary, which can lead to a cure.
Living with Ulcerative Colitis
Living with UC can be challenging, but lifestyle modifications can help manage symptoms. Regular exercise, stress management, and avoiding known triggers are essential for maintaining quality of life.